Over two and a half millennia ago, in the lush foothills of ancient India, a young prince named Siddhartha Gautama made a decision that would forever change the course of human thought. Born into royalty in the Shakya kingdom (present-day Nepal), Siddhartha was shielded from the harsh realities of life. His father, eager to see him become a great ruler, ensured he lived in luxury, unaware of suffering, sickness, old age, or death.